In order to treat melasma, combination or specially formulated creams with hydroquinone, a phenolic hypopigmenting agent, azelaic acid, and retinoic acid (tretinoin), nonphenolic bleaching agents, and/or kojic acid may be prescribed. For severe cases of melasma, creams with a higher concentration of HQ or combining HQ with other ingredients such as tretinoin, corticosteroids, or glycolic acid may be effective in lightening the skin.
- Azelaic acid 15%-20% (Azelex, Finacea)
- Retinoic acid 0.025%-0.1% (tretinoin)
- Tazarotene 0.5%-0.1% (Tazorac cream or gel)
- Adapalene 0.1%-0.3% (Differin gel)
- Kojic acid
- Lactic acid lotions 12% (Lac-Hydrin or Am-Lactin)
- Glycolic acid 10%-20% creams (Citrix cream, NeoStrata)
- Glycolic acid peels 10%-70%
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